Lethal or communicable or tropical diseases and viruses

Those who have not caught the virus before could be put at risk of developing severe dengue if given the vaccine. Two vaccines are now available to protect children from rotavirus, the leading cause of severe diarrheal illness among babies and young children. The virus can spread rapidly, through what researchers call the fecal-oral route meaning that small particles of feces end up being consumed.

Although children in the developed world rarely die from rotavirus infection , the disease is a killer in the developing world, where rehydration treatments are not widely available.

The WHO estimates that worldwide, there are more than 25 million outpatient visits and two million hospitalizations each year due to rotavirus infections. Countries that have introduced the vaccine have reported sharp declines in rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths.

The virus likely emerged in bats initially, then hopped into nocturnal mammals called civets before finally infecting humans, according to the Journal of Virology. After triggering an outbreak in China, SARS spread to 26 countries around the world, infecting more than people and killing more than over the course of several months, according to History. The disease causes fever, chills and body aches, and often progresses to pneumonia, a severe condition in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with pus.

SARS has an estimated mortality rate of 9. The virus may have originated in bats and passed through an intermediate animal before infecting people, according to Nature. The initial outbreak prompted an extensive quarantine of Wuhan and nearby cities, restrictions on travel to and from affected countries and a worldwide effort to develop diagnostics, treatments and vaccines.

Since its appearance, the virus has caused over five million deaths worldwide, according to Reuters. Common symptoms include fever, cough, loss of taste or smell and shortness of breath and more serious symptoms include breathing difficulties, chest pain and loss of mobility. On Aug. In December , this vaccine became the first to be approved after a large clinical trial, according to Nature.

According to WHO , the disease infected camels before passing into humans and can trigger a fever, coughing and shortness of breath in infected people.

There is no vaccine available to prevent this disease, according to the NHS. The best way to reduce the chances of infection is to wash hands regularly, avoid contact with camels and not consume products containing raw animal milk. Live Science. See all comments Don't said:. In the 14th and 15th centuries, around half of Europe's population was wiped out by this contagious bacterial infection. While modern medicine has driven the plague's mortality rate down significantly, outbreaks of plague still happen.

In , the World Health Organization warned of an outbreak in Madagascar. In the 14th century, doctors sometimes wore long trench coats and beak masks filled with aromatic substances like herbs, spices or onions. This costume was thought to protect the doctors from infection.

Treatments for the plague in the Middle Ages included everything from drinking urine to eating the heart of a stag.

Diphtheria is a contagious respiratory infection spread by bacteria in a cough or a sneeze. It is particularly dangerous to children. In Indonesia, where outbreaks are common, these students waited nervously before receiving diphtheria vaccinations in October Botulism infections are rare, but potentially fatal.

Bacteria enter the body through improperly processed foods or through an open wound and produce a dangerous neurotoxin. Legionnaires disease is an atypical pneumonia spread by inhaling mist from bacteria-ridden water. An outbreak killed at least 12 people in Flint in and Scientists allege that low chlorine levels in the city's municipal water supply were to blame.

This illness became a household name in when letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to news media and to two U. Five people died. The most common way anthrax is spread, however, is through contact with infected animals or animal products. In , at least ten buffalo died from an outbreak in Kenya. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , or SARS, is a strain of coronavirus that reached epidemic levels in , infecting more than 8, people in 29 countries and killing The monkeypox virus is most often spread through contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal, though human-to-human transmission is possible.

It occurs most often in rainforests of Central and West Africa. People suffering from the virus will experience fever and swollen lymph nodes followed by a rash that concentrates on the face and extremities. Toxic shock is a dangerous bacterial infection most commonly associated with the use of tampons, but it also occurs in other settings such as post-surgical infections, burns and catheters.

The disorder causes the immune system to attack the nervous system. Scientists have linked cases to the presence of other pathogens like the Zika virus and influenza. Fun fact: That old story that tetanus is caused by stepping on rusty nails is not altogether accurate.

Rust does not cause tetanus. Rusty objects are often found outdoors where bacteria live. And while the rough, porous rust does provide a convenient habitat for dangerous bacteria, you can also contract tetanus from a nail with no rust at all — or from an animal bite.

It's the low-oxygen environment under the skin that provides the perfect breeding ground for dangerous toxins. This is a severe bacterial infection of the thin layer of tissue that surrounds the brain. Tony Nassif shows a photo of his daughter, Jenah, who died of the disease after she was misdiagnosed. Tuberculosis causes respiratory symptoms like a severe cough with occasional blood. It is curable, but it remains one of the top 10 causes of death, globally.

The exact cause of this severe brain disease is not known, but it often occurs in children recovering from a virus — like chickenpox — especially if aspirin was administered. This correlation led to warnings against aspirin use in children in the s and '80s. When children's aspirin use declined, so did instances of Reye sydnrome. Smallpox causes severe flu-like symptoms in addition to a rash and large lesions on mucous membranes. Effects of environmental change on emerging parasitic diseases.

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Without doubt, these researches have helped in solving millions of people across the globe. For instance, small pox, which is regarded as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases, was completely eradicated in , after the discovery of the small pox vaccine.

Infectious diseases are often classified in accordance to their causes.