Antique cast iron windows

Flat-headed windows continued in use, but window heads also took on new shapes not seen in previous architectural styles, including round and segmental arches. Residential windows emphasized verticality through the use of wide vertical mullions and thin horizontal muntins.

Heavy ornamental lintels further highlighted the windows, and projecting bay windows also became popular during this period. Common window pane configurations in the Italianate style were two-over-two and four-over-four. The Italianate window displayed here comes from Geyer Street in St. Louis, which houses a typical neighborhood store with upper-floor residences. The segmental-arched head, two-over-two pane configuration help define the window as Italianate. Due to the widespread use of architectural pattern books in this period, buildings in St.

The segmental arch, introduced in the early s, represented a significant visual change to window openings that simultaneously reduced cost and responded to high-style design of the previous decade. Prior to the s, windows in masonry-walled factory buildings consisted of a simple rectangular opening with a flat jack arch or, more commonly, a stone lintel. The segmental arch window head was to remain the standard for nearly all fenestration openings in factories of masonry-wall construction until the early twentieth century.

Set into the masonry during construction, segmental arched window frames provided the principal support for building the masonry arches as well. The wooden window unit was little different from those used in the lintel-headed window. The head of the upper sash usually remained flat, while the head of the frame was fabricated on a curve only along the underside of the masonry arch. Arch-headed sash with true arch-headed frames were more costly and, therefore, less common in industrial buildings.

The twelve-over twelve, double-hung configuration remained standard until the end of the century. Then the gradual increase in the size of factory windows began to exceed the structural capabilities of existing window technology, and new configurations and operating types were introduced.

Sometimes double-hung windows were paired in the same opening, often with transoms. Pivoting or hopper sash were combined with larger fixed sections in accomplishing the same objectives. The relatively small pane within a multi-pane sash remained a common feature of factory windows, even after the introduction of the steel factory window early in the twentieth century.

This window is from Mill No. It is typical of all the windows dating from the late 19th century rebuilding and expansion of the mill complex. This general design was commonly used in similar work at most of the other Lowell mills built between the — period.

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